NCPAD:Research: Physical Activity for the Chronically Ill and Disabled

Abstract

Abstract by: Jeremy Karger

Durstine, J. Larry, et al. "Physical Activity for the Chronically Ill and Disabled." Sports Medicine 2000 30.3: 207-219.

The overwhelming majority of physical activity research is geared towards a healthy population. The remaining literature focuses on a few diseases such as coronary artery disease. This neglects a large population of people with disabilities and chronic illnesses. The U.S. Surgeon General's report indicated that all people can benefit from physical activity. Thirty minutes of exercise most days of the week can improve health and quality of life, including decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and improved functioning of elderly people. This document and similar reports do not address people with disabilities, but exercise is equally as important as many people with disabilities develop medical conditions resulting from lack of exercise.

People with disabilities and chronic illnesses have a tendency to be less active due to their physical limitations. This inactivity can lead to a decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness, osteoporosis, an increase in dependence on others, a decrease in social interactions, and secondary complications. Primary physical activity goals for this population are to reverse the deconditioning process, increase physical functioning, and enhance health and well being.

Future research needs to focus on the effects of physical activity on specific conditions. Research needs to develop exercise guidelines for persons with disabilities. Current studies do not generalize well due to limited focus of the research. Many do not use standardized tests and training procedures due to limitations of subjects. Further difficulties arise with variations in disease, progression of disease, and secondary conditions of subjects.

Physical activity programs need to better address people with disabilities. Increased availability and decreased cost will improve the accessibility of such programs. This includes home-based training as well as community-based training providing education and motivation.

Exercise prescription should take into account age, gender, physical characteristics, and medical conditions. Intensity should fall between the minimum level required to induce training effect and a level that causes abnormal clinical signs. A low intensity may not improve cardiorespiratory fitness, but can still improve health. Enjoyment is another key goal to keep subjects interested and participating. This can be accomplished with realistic short-term goals, variety, and positive reinforcement.

Physical activity programs for people with disabilities and chronic illnesses need to focus on accessibility, safety, and effectiveness. Research is needed to determine the specific benefits and risks of exercise programs on various disabilities.

The article covered these topics in a generalized fashion showing the importance of physical activity for people with disabilities. It provided several areas for future research and topics that need to be addressed in more depth. Tables and graphs provided useful information throughout the article.

This fact sheet was last updated on 12-21-2005.